N.Y. Real Property Law Section 223-B
Retaliation by landlord against tenant


1.

No landlord of premises or units to which this section is applicable shall serve a notice to quit upon any tenant or commence any action to recover real property or summary proceeding to recover possession of real property in retaliation for:

a.

A good faith complaint, by or in behalf of the tenant, to the landlord, the landlord’s agent or a governmental authority of the landlord’s alleged violation of any health or safety law, regulation, code, or ordinance, the warranty of habitability under § 235-B (Warranty of habitability)section two hundred thirty-five-b of this article, the duty to repair under sections seventy-eight, seventy-nine, and eighty of the multiple dwelling law or Multiple Residence Law § 174 (Repairs and cleanliness)section one hundred seventy-four of the multiple residence law, or any law or regulation which has as its objective the regulation of premises used for dwelling purposes or which pertains to the offense of rent gouging in the third, second or first degree; or

b.

Actions taken in good faith, by or in behalf of the tenant, to secure or enforce any rights under the lease or rental agreement, the warranty of habitability under § 235-B (Warranty of habitability)section two hundred thirty-five-b of this article, the duty to repair under sections seventy-eight, seventy-nine, and eighty of the multiple dwelling law or Multiple Residence Law § 174 (Repairs and cleanliness)section one hundred seventy-four of the multiple residence law, or under any other law of the state of New York, or of its governmental subdivisions, or of the United States which has as its objective the regulation of premises used for dwelling purposes or which pertains to the offense of rent gouging in the third, second or first degree; or

c.

The tenant’s participation in the activities of a tenant’s organization.

2.

No landlord of premises or units to which this section is applicable or such landlord’s agent shall substantially alter the terms of the tenancy in retaliation for any actions set forth in paragraphs a, b, and c of subdivision one of this section. Substantial alteration shall include, but is not limited to, the refusal to continue a tenancy of the tenant, upon expiration of the tenant’s lease, to renew the lease or offer a new lease, or offering a new lease with an unreasonable rent increase; provided, however, that a landlord shall not be required under this section to offer a new lease or a lease renewal for a term greater than one year.

3.

A landlord shall be subject to a civil action for damages, attorney’s fees and costs and other appropriate relief, including injunctive and other equitable remedies, as may be determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in any case in which the landlord has violated the provisions of this section.

4.

In any action to recover real property or summary proceeding to recover possession of real property, judgment shall be entered for the tenant if the court finds that the landlord is acting in retaliation for any action set forth in paragraphs a, b, and c of subdivision one of this section. Retaliation shall be asserted as an affirmative defense in such action or proceeding. The tenant shall not be relieved of the obligation to pay any rent for which he is otherwise liable.

5.

In an action or proceeding instituted against a tenant of premises or a unit to which this section is applicable, a rebuttable presumption that the landlord is acting in retaliation shall be created if the tenant establishes that the landlord served a notice to quit, or instituted an action or proceeding to recover possession, or attempted to substantially alter the terms of the tenancy, within one year after:

a.

A good faith complaint was made, by or in behalf of the tenant, to the landlord, the landlord’s agent or a governmental authority of the landlord’s violation of any health or safety law, regulation, code, or ordinance, the warranty of habitability under § 235-B (Warranty of habitability)section two hundred thirty-five-b of this article, the duty to repair under sections seventy-eight, seventy-nine, and eighty of the multiple dwelling law or Multiple Residence Law § 174 (Repairs and cleanliness)section one hundred seventy-four of the multiple residence law, or any law or regulation which has as its objective the regulation of premises used for dwelling purposes or which pertains to the offense of rent gouging in the third, second or first degree; or

b.

The tenant in good faith took action to secure or enforce against the landlord or his agents any rights under the lease or rental agreement, the warranty of habitability under § 235-B (Warranty of habitability)section two hundred thirty-five-b of this article, the duty to repair under sections seventy-eight, seventy-nine, and eighty of the multiple dwelling law or Multiple Residence Law § 174 (Repairs and cleanliness)section one hundred seventy-four of the multiple residence law, or under any other law of the state of New York, or of its governmental subdivisions, or of the United States which has as its objective the regulation of premises used for dwelling purposes or which pertains to the offense of rent gouging in the third, second or first degree.

c.

Judgment under subdivision three or four of this section was entered for the tenant in a previous action between the parties; or an inspection was made, an order was entered, or other action was taken as a result of a complaint or act described in paragraph a or b of this subdivision. The effect of the presumption shall be to require the landlord to establish a non-retaliatory motive for his acts by a preponderance of the evidence. 5-a. Any lease provision which seeks to assess a fee, penalty or dollar charge, in addition to the stated rent, against a tenant because such tenant files a bona fide complaint with the landlord, the landlord’s agent or a building code officer regarding the condition of such tenant’s leased premises shall be null and void as being against public policy. A landlord or agent of the landlord who seeks to enforce such a fee, penalty or charge shall be liable to the tenant for triple the amount of such fee, penalty or charge.

6.

This section shall apply to all rental residential premises except owner-occupied dwellings with less than four units. However, its provisions shall not be given effect in any case in which it is established that the condition from which the complaint or action arose was caused by the tenant, a member of the tenant’s household, or a guest of the tenant. Nor shall it apply in a case where a tenancy was terminated pursuant to the terms of a lease as a result of a bona fide transfer of ownership.

Source: Section 223-B — Retaliation by landlord against tenant, https://www.­nysenate.­gov/legislation/laws/RPP/223-B (updated Jun. 28, 2019; accessed Mar. 23, 2024).

220
Action for use and occupation
221
Rent due on life leases recoverable
222
When rent is apportionable
223
Rights where property or lease is transferred
223–A
Remedies of lessee when possession is not delivered
223–B
Retaliation by landlord against tenant
224
Attornment by tenant
225
Notice of action adverse to possession of tenant
226
Effect of renewal on sub-lease
226–A
Effect of new lease on tenant’s right to remove fixtures or improvements
226–B
Right to sublease or assign
226–C
Notice of rent increase or non-renewal of residential tenancy
227
When tenant may surrender premises
227–A
Termination of residential lease by senior citizens or individuals with a disability moving to a residence of a family member or entering...
227–B
Termination of certain contracts by senior citizens
227–C
Termination of residential lease by victims of domestic violence
227–D
Discrimination based on domestic violence status
227–E
Landlord duty to mitigate damages
227–F
Denial on the basis of involvement in prior disputes prohibited
228
Termination of tenancies at will or by sufferance, by notice
229
Liability of tenant holding over after giving notice of intention to quit
230
Right of tenants to form, join or participate in tenants’ groups
231
Lease, when void
231–A
Sprinkler system notice in residential leases
231–B
Flood history and risk notice in residential leases
232
Duration of certain agreements in New York
232–A
Notice to terminate monthly tenancy or tenancy from month to month in the city of New York
232–B
Notification to terminate monthly tenancy or tenancy from month to month outside the city of New York
232–C
Holding over by a tenant after expiration of a term longer than one month
233
Manufactured home parks
233–A
Sale of manufactured home parks
233–B
Manufactured home parks
233–B*2
Campgrounds
234
Right to recover attorneys’ fees in actions or summary proceedings arising out of leases of residential property
234–A
Unauthorized legal fees
235
Wilful violations
235–A
Tenant right to offset payments and entitlement to damages in certain cases
235–B
Warranty of habitability
235–BB
Certificates of occupancy
235–C
Unconscionable lease or clause
235–D
Harassment
235–E
Duty to provide a written receipt
235–F
Unlawful restrictions on occupancy
235–G
Electronic billing and/or payment of rent
235–H
Waiver of right to bring a declaratory judgment action
235–I
Unreasonable tenant fees for reproductions of keys
236
Assignment of lease of a deceased tenant
236–A
Termination of lease of a deceased tenant
237
Discrimination in leases with respect to bearing of children
237–A
Discrimination against children in dwelling houses and manufactured home parks
238
Agreements or contracts for privileges to deal with occupants of tenements, apartment houses or bungalow colonies
238–A
Limitation on fees

Accessed:
Mar. 23, 2024

Last modified:
Jun. 28, 2019

§ 223-B’s source at nysenate​.gov

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