Tex. Tax Code Section 23.01
Appraisals Generally


(a)

Except as otherwise provided by this chapter, all taxable property is appraised at its market value as of January 1.

(b)

The market value of property shall be determined by the application of generally accepted appraisal methods and techniques. If the appraisal district determines the appraised value of a property using mass appraisal standards, the mass appraisal standards must comply with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice. The same or similar appraisal methods and techniques shall be used in appraising the same or similar kinds of property. However, each property shall be appraised based upon the individual characteristics that affect the property’s market value, and all available evidence that is specific to the value of the property shall be taken into account in determining the property’s market value.

(c)

Notwithstanding Section 1.04 (Definitions)(7)(C), in determining the market value of a residence homestead, the chief appraiser may not exclude from consideration the value of other residential property that is in the same neighborhood as the residence homestead being appraised and would otherwise be considered in appraising the residence homestead because the other residential property:

(1)

was sold at a foreclosure sale conducted in any of the three years preceding the tax year in which the residence homestead is being appraised and was comparable at the time of sale based on relevant characteristics with other residence homesteads in the same neighborhood; or

(2)

has a market value that has declined because of a declining economy.

(d)

The market value of a residence homestead shall be determined solely on the basis of the property’s value as a residence homestead, regardless of whether the residential use of the property by the owner is considered to be the highest and best use of the property.

(e)

Notwithstanding any provision of this subchapter to the contrary, if the appraised value of property in a tax year is lowered under Subtitle F, the appraised value of the property as finally determined under that subtitle is considered to be the appraised value of the property for that tax year. In the next tax year in which the property is appraised, the chief appraiser may not increase the appraised value of the property unless the increase by the chief appraiser is reasonably supported by clear and convincing evidence when all of the reliable and probative evidence in the record is considered as a whole. If the appraised value is finally determined in a protest under Section 41.41 (Right of Protest)(a)(2) or an appeal under Section 42.26 (Remedy for Unequal Appraisal), the chief appraiser may satisfy the requirement to reasonably support by clear and convincing evidence an increase in the appraised value of the property in the next tax year in which the property is appraised by presenting evidence showing that the inequality in the appraisal of property has been corrected with regard to the properties that were considered in determining the value of the subject property. The burden of proof is on the chief appraiser to support an increase in the appraised value of property under the circumstances described by this subsection.

(f)

The selection of comparable properties and the application of appropriate adjustments for the determination of an appraised value of property by any person under Section 41.43 (Protest of Determination of Value or Inequality of Appraisal)(b)(3) or 42.26 (Remedy for Unequal Appraisal)(a)(3) must be based on the application of generally accepted appraisal methods and techniques. Adjustments must be based on recognized methods and techniques that are necessary to produce a credible opinion.

(g)

Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, property owners representing themselves are entitled to offer an opinion of and present argument and evidence related to the market and appraised value or the inequality of appraisal of the owner’s property.

(h)

Appraisal methods and techniques included in the most recent versions of the following are considered generally accepted appraisal methods and techniques for the purposes of this title:

(1)

the Appraisal of Real Estate published by the Appraisal Institute;

(2)

the Dictionary of Real Estate Appraisal published by the Appraisal Institute;

(3)

the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice published by The Appraisal Foundation; and

(4)

a publication that includes information related to mass appraisal.
Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 2252, ch. 841, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1982. Amended by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 823, Sec. 5, eff. Jan. 1, 1986; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1039, Sec. 21, eff. Jan. 1, 1998.
Amended by:
Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 619 (H.B. 1038), Sec. 1, eff. January 1, 2010.
Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1211 (S.B. 771), Sec. 1, eff. January 1, 2010.
Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1405 (H.B. 3613), Sec. 2, eff. January 1, 2010.
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 91 (S.B. 1303), Sec. 27.001(56), eff. September 1, 2011.
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 91 (S.B. 1303), Sec. 27.001(57), eff. September 1, 2011.
Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 101 (H.B. 2083), Sec. 1, eff. January 1, 2016.
Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 944 (S.B. 2), Sec. 28, eff. January 1, 2020.
Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1284 (H.B. 1313), Sec. 2, eff. January 1, 2020.

Source: Section 23.01 — Appraisals Generally, https://statutes.­capitol.­texas.­gov/Docs/TX/htm/TX.­23.­htm#23.­01 (accessed Mar. 23, 2024).

23.01
Appraisals Generally
23.03
Compilation of Large Properties and Properties Subject to Limitation on Appraised or Taxable Value
23.011
Cost Method of Appraisal
23.11
Governmental Action that Constitutes Taking
23.012
Income Method of Appraisal
23.12
Inventory
23.013
Market Data Comparison Method of Appraisal
23.13
Taxable Leaseholds
23.014
Exclusion of Property as Real Property
23.14
Appraisal of Property Subject to Environmental Response Requirement
23.15
Intangibles of an Insurance Company
23.16
Intangibles of a Savings and Loan Association
23.17
Mineral Interest Not Being Produced
23.18
Property Owned by a Nonprofit Homeowners’ Organization for the Benefit of Its Members
23.19
Property Occupied by Stockholders of Corporation Incorporated Under Cooperative Association Act
23.20
Waiver of Special Appraisal
23.21
Property Used to Provide Affordable Housing
23.22
Land Use of Which Is Restricted by Governmental Entity
23.23
Limitation on Appraised Value of Residence Homestead
23.24
Furniture, Fixtures, and Equipment
23.25
Appraisal of Land Used for Single-family Residential Purposes that Is Contiguous to Agricultural or Open-space Land with Common Ownership
23.26
Solar Energy Property
23.41
Appraisal
23.42
Eligibility
23.43
Application
23.44
Action on Application
23.45
Application Confidential
23.46
Additional Taxation
23.47
Loan Secured by Lien on Agricultural-use Land
23.48
Reappraisal of Land Subject to Temporary Quarantine for Ticks
23.51
Definitions
23.52
Appraisal of Qualified Agricultural Land
23.53
Capitalization Rate
23.54
Application
23.55
Change of Use of Land
23.56
Land Ineligible for Appraisal as Open-space Land
23.57
Action on Applications
23.58
Loan Secured by Lien on Open-space Land
23.59
Appraisal of Open-space Land that Is Converted to Timber Production
23.60
Reappraisal of Land Subject to Temporary Quarantine for Ticks
23.71
Definitions
23.72
Qualification for Productivity Appraisal
23.73
Appraisal of Qualified Timber Land
23.74
Capitalization Rate
23.75
Application
23.76
Change of Use of Land
23.77
Land Ineligible for Appraisal as Timber Land
23.78
Minimum Taxable Value of Timber Land
23.79
Action on Applications
23.81
Definitions
23.82
Voluntary Restrictions
23.83
Appraisal of Restricted Land
23.84
Application
23.85
Action on Application
23.86
Additional Taxation for Preceding Years
23.87
Penalty for Violating Deed Restriction
23.91
Definitions
23.92
Voluntary Restrictions
23.93
Appraisal of Restricted Land
23.94
Application
23.95
Action on Application
23.96
Taxation for Preceding Years
23.97
Penalty for Violating Deed Restriction
23.0101
Consideration of Alternate Appraisal Methods
23.121
Dealer’s Motor Vehicle Inventory
23.122
Prepayment of Taxes by Certain Taxpayers
23.123
Declarations and Statements Confidential
23.124
Dealer’s Vessel and Outboard Motor Inventory
23.125
Prepayment of Taxes by Certain Taxpayers
23.126
Declarations and Statements Confidential
23.127
Retail Manufactured Housing Inventory
23.128
Prepayment of Taxes by Manufactured Housing Retailers
23.129
Waiver of Certain Penalties
23.135
License to Occupy Dwelling Unit in Tax-exempt Retirement Community
23.175
Oil or Gas Interest
23.215
Appraisal of Certain Nonexempt Property Used for Low-income or Moderate-income Housing
23.231
Circuit Breaker Limitation on Appraised Value of Real Property Other than Residence Homestead
23.425
Eligibility of Land Used for Growing Florist Items in Certain Counties
23.426
Temporary Cessation of Agricultural Use Due to Quarantine for Ticks
23.431
Late Application for Agricultural Designation
23.521
Standards for Qualification of Land for Appraisal Based on Wildlife Management Use
23.522
Temporary Cessation of Agricultural Use During Drought
23.523
Temporary Cessation of Agricultural Use When Property Owner Deployed or Stationed Outside State as Member of Armed Services
23.524
Temporary Cessation of Agricultural Use to Manage the Spread of Certain Pests
23.525
Oil and Gas Operations on Land
23.526
Temporary Cessation of Agricultural Use Due to Quarantine for Ticks
23.541
Late Application for Appraisal as Agricultural Land
23.551
Additional Notice to Certain Landowners
23.751
Late Application for Appraisal as Timber Land
23.765
Oil and Gas Operations on Land
23.1211
Temporary Production Aircraft
23.1241
Dealer’s Heavy Equipment Inventory
23.1242
Prepayment of Taxes by Heavy Equipment Dealers
23.1243
Refund of Prepayment of Taxes on Fleet Transaction
23.9801
Definitions
23.9802
Qualification for Appraisal as Restricted-use Timber Land
23.9803
Appraisal of Qualified Restricted-use Timber Land
23.9804
Application
23.9805
Action on Application
23.9806
Application Denial Based on Zone Location
23.9807
Change of Use of Land
23.9808
Oil and Gas Operations on Land

Accessed:
Mar. 23, 2024

§ 23.01’s source at texas​.gov